超级(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)活性(xing)炭(tan)应用开发，展现了与(yu)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)媲美的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)性(xing)，既可(ke)(ke)以充(chong)放电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)高，也(ye)可(ke)(ke)以非(fei)常实(shi)惠(hui)的(de)(de)生(sheng)产处理。电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)是类似于电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化学电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)能(neng)量存储介质(zhi)。与(yu)其他能(neng)源解决方(fang)案（如(ru)化石燃料(liao)）相比，大多数电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)能(neng)够储存大量的(de)(de)能(neng)源相对来(lai)说(shuo)(shuo)效率(lv)较低。通常说(shuo)(shuo)，1kg电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化学电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)能(neng)够产生(sheng)比1升汽(qi)油少得多的(de)(de)能(neng)量；但这种计算比较是非(fei)常模糊的(de)(de)，在数学上不(bu)合逻辑，应该被忽略。事实(shi)上，一(yi)些电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化学电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)可(ke)(ke)以相对有效的(de)(de)产生(sheng)能(neng)量，但是在商业和工(gong)业应用（例如(ru)运(yun)输）中替代化石燃料(liao)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)主要限制(zhi)因素并没有得到解决，主要是充(chong)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)时间慢(man)。所以，到最后才发现新材(cai)料(liao)超级(ji)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)活性(xing)炭(tan)。

超级电容器里面为什么要加活性炭(tan)呢？理由(you)如下：

超(chao)级电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)里加(jia)活性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)能够容(rong)纳数(shu)百倍(bei)标准电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量，因此适用(yong)于(yu)许(xu)多工业和(he)商业应用(yong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化学(xue)(xue)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)替代(dai)。超(chao)级电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)活性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)可(ke)以在非(fei)常(chang)低的(de)(de)温度工作，这(zhei)种(zhong)情况可(ke)以防止(zhi)许(xu)多类型的(de)(de)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)化学(xue)(xue)电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)停止(zhi)工作。由于(yu)这(zhei)些原因，加(jia)入活性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)材料的(de)(de)超(chao)级电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)已经被用(yong)于(yu)应急无线电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)手电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)筒中(zhong)，其中(zhong)能够动态(tai)地产生能量（例如通过缠绕(rao)手柄），然后(hou)存储(chu)在用(yong)于(yu)装置的(de)(de)超(chao)级电(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)中(zhong)使用(yong)。

传统(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)容(rong)(rong)器由(you)两层由(you)绝(jue)缘(yuan)(yuan)体隔开的(de)(de)(de)(de)导电(dian)材料（最终(zhong)变(bian)成(cheng)带(dai)正电(dian)荷和(he)带(dai)负电(dian)荷的(de)(de)(de)(de)）组成(cheng)。超(chao)级电(dian)容(rong)(rong)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭可以(yi)容(rong)(rong)纳的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)荷量是指导体的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面积，两个(ge)导体之间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)距离以(yi)及绝(jue)缘(yuan)(yuan)体的(de)(de)(de)(de)介电(dian)常数。超(chao)级电(dian)容(rong)(rong)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭在不含(han)固体绝(jue)缘(yuan)(yuan)体的(de)(de)(de)(de)事实(shi)上(shang)略有(you)不同。相反，电(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)两个(ge)导电(dian)板涂覆(fu)有(you)多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)材料，常见(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)是活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭，并(bing)将(jiang)电(dian)池(chi)浸入电(dian)解质溶液中(zhong)。多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)材料具有(you)非(fei)常高的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面积（1克活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭估计表(biao)面积可以(yi)等于足球场(chang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面积），在这里活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭的(de)(de)(de)(de)比表(biao)面积越(yue)大效果越(yue)好，一般采用3000以(yi)上(shang)平方米/每克的(de)(de)(de)(de)超(chao)级电(dian)容(rong)(rong)专用活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭，并(bing)且(qie)由(you)于超(chao)级电(dian)容(rong)(rong)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)容(rong)(rong)由(you)两层之间(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)距离和(he)多(duo)孔(kong)(kong)材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)面积可以(yi)实(shi)现非(fei)常高的(de)(de)(de)(de)电(dian)荷含(han)量。

虽(sui)然超(chao)级(ji)电(dian)容活(huo)性炭能够(gou)比标准电(dian)容器(qi)储存更(geng)多(duo)的能量，但(dan)它们在承(cheng)受(shou)(shou)高电(dian)压(ya)的能力(li)方面受(shou)(shou)到限制(zhi)。电(dian)解电(dian)容器(qi)能够(gou)以数百伏特(te)运行(xing)，但(dan)超(chao)级(ji)电(dian)容活(huo)性炭通常限制(zhi)在约5伏特(te)。然而(er)，只要系列设计和控制(zhi)得当，就可以设计出一个超(chao)级(ji)电(dian)容器(qi)链在高电(dian)压(ya)下运行(xing)。

锂离子(zi)电(dian)(dian)池就是通过使(shi)用活性(xing)(xing)炭作为(wei)负(fu)极(ji)材(cai)料，代替充(chong)电(dian)(dian)反应方面(mian)还(hai)存在问(wen)题的(de)金属锂负(fu)极(ji)，保留(liu)了(le)一次锂电(dian)(dian)池能量密(mi)(mi)度大(da)、电(dian)(dian)压高(gao)的(de)优(you)点(dian)，同时极(ji)大(da)的(de)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)了(le)循环使(shi)用寿命和安全性(xing)(xing)能，形成(cheng)了(le)性(xing)(xing)能优(you)良的(de)二次锂电(dian)(dian)池。通过调(diao)控(kong)高(gao)比表(biao)面(mian)积(ji)活性(xing)(xing)炭的(de)孔径分布，提(ti)(ti)高(gao)对锂离子(zi)的(de)表(biao)面(mian)吸(xi)附性(xing)(xing)能，从而获得很高(gao)的(de)能量密(mi)(mi)度，并且大(da)大(da)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)充(chong)放电(dian)(dian)速(su)率(lv)，有望开发出更高(gao)能量密(mi)(mi)度的(de)锂离子(zi)电(dian)(dian)池。