摘要(yao)：以煤為原(yuan)料，采用(yong)不(bu)同的炭(tan)(tan)(tan)化工(gong)藝和不(bu)同的活(huo)化方法制備活(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)，經(jing)過不(bu)同條件的后處理，研制成煤質味(wei)精精制用(yong)粉狀活(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)。經(jing)山(shan)東菱花味(wei)精廠(chang)現場化驗分析，并與本廠(chang)使用(yong)的木質粉狀活(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)進行對比試(shi)驗，煤質味(wei)精精制用(yong)粉狀活(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)，碘吸(xi)附值1057mg/g，亞(ya)甲基藍吸(xi)附值235.3mg/g，灰分1.36%，鐵(tie)鹽(yan)0.02%，味(wei)精脫色(se)率(lv)(lv)16.8%，焦糖脫色(se)率(lv)(lv)97.4%，是一種很好的味(wei)精精制用(yong)的煤質粉狀脫色(se)活(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)。

關于煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，對(dui)很(hen)(hen)(hen)(hen)多人(ren)來(lai)說是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)以為(wei)然的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，認為(wei)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)不(bu)(bu)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)將篩余炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)或其它活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)經(jing)過磨粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)就(jiu)可以獲(huo)得煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)。其實不(bu)(bu)然，這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)，灰分(fen)(fen)很(hen)(hen)(hen)(hen)高(gao)，質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)較差，只(zhi)能用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作污水凈化(hua)。在(zai)飲料、食(shi)(shi)品(pin)制(zhi)作行(xing)業(ye)，如制(zhi)酒、制(zhi)糖(tang)、味精、制(zhi)藥行(xing)業(ye)等(deng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)找不(bu)(bu)到(dao)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)途的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。而這些(xie)行(xing)業(ye)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)。而木(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)和煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粒狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)一(yi)樣，也有很(hen)(hen)(hen)(hen)多品(pin)種，如：工(gong)(gong)業(ye)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、味精脫色用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、糖(tang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)脫色粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、藥用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、針劑用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)、大(da)(da)容量(liang)(liang)電容器用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)及(ji)燃料電池用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)等(deng)。因此，若(ruo)將煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)應用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)到(dao)食(shi)(shi)品(pin)、味精、制(zhi)糖(tang)等(deng)行(xing)業(ye)，就(jiu)應該按木(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)國家標(biao)準中(zhong)各項技術指(zhi)標(biao)要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)來(lai)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)制(zhi)造煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)。若(ruo)照這樣要(yao)(yao)求(qiu)，要(yao)(yao)做的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)工(gong)(gong)作是(shi)(shi)(shi)很(hen)(hen)(hen)(hen)多的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。首先(xian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)原煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)，其次是(shi)(shi)(shi)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)化(hua)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)及(ji)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)參數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)：特(te)別是(shi)(shi)(shi)后(hou)處理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。由于煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灰分(fen)(fen)不(bu)(bu)但比木(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)灰分(fen)(fen)含量(liang)(liang)高(gao)得多，而且(qie)絕大(da)(da)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)礦物質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)灰分(fen)(fen)，比起(qi)(qi)木(mu)(mu)(mu)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)堿(jian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)灰分(fen)(fen)處理(li)(li)難得多，如鎘(ge)、鉻、鐵、氯、硫、砷等(deng)元(yuan)素。絕對(dui)不(bu)(bu)能用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)顆粒活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念(nian)來(lai)完全代替煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)概(gai)念(nian)，需要(yao)(yao)建(jian)立煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)整(zheng)套的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)方(fang)法和新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)，只(zhi)有這樣才能在(zai)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開發中(zhong)取得更大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)成績(ji)，才能建(jian)立起(qi)(qi)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)空間(jian)，更好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)去占領粉(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)市場。

近年來(lai)，由于人們對環境保(bao)護的(de)(de)(de)(de)意識不(bu)斷提(ti)高，對生活(huo)(huo)(huo)質量(liang)和自(zi)然環境要求(qiu)(qiu)愈(yu)來(lai)愈(yu)高，所以(yi)用于環境保(bao)護方面(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性炭量(liang)也越(yue)(yue)來(lai)越(yue)(yue)多。以(yi)木(mu)材(cai)為(wei)原料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)木(mu)質活(huo)(huo)(huo)性炭生產企(qi)業(ye)，由于受(shou)到國(guo)(guo)家封山育林政策的(de)(de)(de)(de)制約，原材(cai)料(liao)來(lai)源日(ri)漸(jian)受(shou)限(xian)，而多數(shu)企(qi)業(ye)規(gui)模較(jiao)小，生產設備簡陋，對周邊地區(qu)造成嚴重的(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)氣污染和水(shui)污染。因環境不(bu)達(da)標(biao)被關閉的(de)(de)(de)(de)企(qi)業(ye)彼彼皆是。從(cong)目(mu)前(qian)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性炭市場情況(kuang)分(fen)析，粉狀(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性炭需求(qiu)(qiu)量(liang)在不(bu)斷提(ti)升(sheng)，僅(jin)以(yi)國(guo)(guo)內需求(qiu)(qiu)量(liang)為(wei)例，年需求(qiu)(qiu)量(liang)約為(wei)10萬(wan)噸。而我國(guo)(guo)目(mu)前(qian)粉狀(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性炭的(de)(de)(de)(de)年產量(liang)約為(wei)7~8萬(wan)噸，遠(yuan)遠(yuan)滿足不(bu)了國(guo)(guo)民(min)經濟發(fa)展的(de)(de)(de)(de)需求(qiu)(qiu)。因此，開發(fa)研制生產煤質味精脫色用粉狀(zhuang)活(huo)(huo)(huo)性炭是我們急待解決(jue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)務之一。

1 原材料來源(yuan)、性能及選擇

以煤(mei)為原(yuan)料制造(zao)味精脫色用粉(fen)狀(zhuang)活性炭(tan)，資源豐富，來源廣泛(fan)。現僅選用以下6種不同煤(mei)質為原(yuan)料，進行研制味精脫色用粉(fen)狀(zhuang)活性炭(tan)。6種原(yuan)材(cai)料性能分析下表(biao)1。

表(biao)1 6種不同煤質原材(cai)料成(cheng)分分析

原煤產地及樣品編號	揮發分（%）	灰分（%）
神府煤田SHAC	34.98	2.64
寧夏銀川AgAC	32.54	4.11
新疆黑山XHAC	34.76	4.84
山西大同DYAC	33.75	3.71
新疆松樹頭XSHAC	35.96	1.50
太原姚村TYAC	15.41	5.89

 眾所周(zhou)知(zhi)：原(yuan)料(liao)的(de)選擇在活性(xing)炭(tan)制(zhi)造(zao)過程中是影響(xiang)活性(xing)炭(tan)質量(liang)優劣(lie)的(de)關(guan)鍵，它和制(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)相比是主要(yao)因素，但(dan)是原(yuan)料(liao)經過選擇確定后(hou)對工(gong)藝(yi)研(yan)究也就顯得十分必要(yao)，所以說原(yuan)料(liao)的(de)選擇和制(zhi)造(zao)工(gong)藝(yi)研(yan)究是非常重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)，其工(gong)藝(yi)流程如下(xia)。

從表2看(kan)出：

表2 6種原煤制得的(de)活性(xing)炭的(de)吸附性(xing)能

原煤產地及樣品編號	活化料性能				后處理活性炭性能
	碘吸附值（mg/g）	亞甲基藍吸附值（mg/g）	灰分（%）	鐵含量（%）	碘吸附值（mg/g）	亞甲基藍吸附值（mg/g）	灰分（%）	鐵含量（%）
神府煤田SHAC	1065.4	227.9	6.73	0.532	993.8	235.8	3.90	0.054
寧夏銀川AgAC	1143.5	263.0	8.50	0.994	1095.1	265.4	2.20	0.057
新疆黑山XHAC	1175.6	295.5	6.72	1.750	1134.8	189.2	1.81	0.039
山西大同DYAC	1091.5	251.0	24.00	0.811	1184.0	299.7	6.75	0.056
新疆松樹頭XSHAC	906.1	157.3	5.91	0.498	855.8	155.9	1.71	0.041
太原姚村TYAC	466.8	157.3	23.28	1.520	460.5	155.9	2.00	0.940

1)山西大同煤質(zhi)味精精制用(yong)粉狀(zhuang)活性炭其(qi)碘吸(xi)附值(zhi)、亞甲(jia)基藍吸(xi)附值(zhi)等(deng)都(dou)達到(dao)技術指標要(yao)求，經后處理的碘吸(xi)附值(zhi)、亞甲(jia)基藍吸(xi)附值(zhi)都(dou)有增高趨(qu)勢；

2)其(qi)它地區煤雖有制造味(wei)精(jing)精(jing)制用粉狀(zhuang)活性(xing)(xing)炭的可能性(xing)(xing)，但經后處理(li)后其(qi)吸附性(xing)(xing)能有下(xia)降趨勢。因此，大同煤是味(wei)精(jing)精(jing)制用粉狀(zhuang)活性(xing)(xing)炭的較佳原材料之(zhi)一。

2 大同煤(mei)制味精精制用粉狀活性炭(tan)的炭(tan)化(hua)工藝(yi)條件(jian)選擇

2.1 炭化工藝(yi)的選擇(ze)

根(gen)據以上對原材料(liao)的選擇試驗結果(guo)，確定(ding)以大同煤為原料(liao)試制味精(jing)精(jing)制用粉狀(zhuang)活性炭。

根據多年(nian)對煤質活(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)的(de)研(yan)究經驗(yan)(yan)證明：炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)工藝條件是影響活(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)質量優劣的(de)主要因素，其(qi)中有炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)溫度(du)、炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)時間(jian)、炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)升溫速度(du)炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)通空(kong)氣量等。為了尋找較佳炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)工藝條件，我(wo)們選(xuan)擇如下(xia)7種不同炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)工藝條件進行探(tan)索試驗(yan)(yan)，7種炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)(hua)工藝流程(cheng)如下(xia)，試驗(yan)(yan)結果見表3和(he)圖(tu)1。

 表3 大(da)同煤7種(zhong)類(lei)工藝(yi)條件下所得活性炭的(de)性能

炭化工藝編號	活化料性能				后處理活性炭性能
	碘吸附值（mg/g）	亞甲基藍吸附值（mg/g）	灰分（%）	鐵含量（%）	碘吸附值（mg/g）	亞甲基藍吸附值（mg/g）	灰分（%）	鐵含量（%）
DYH-1	918.7	132.5	8.42	0.354	921.6	141.2	2.24	0.034
DYH-2	703.0	-	6.82	0.303	709.9	-	2.4	0.038
DYH-3	587.0	-	6.02	0.177	565.3	-	3.61	0.021
DYH-4	497.3	-	6.15	0.203	484.0	-	3.64	0.028
DYH-5	676.3	-	6.77	0.400	753.3	-	4.24	0.021
DYH-6	789.4	-	8.41	0.466	791.6	-	4.85	0.021
DYH-7	1204.5	207.9	11.13	0.567	1055.1	202.9	8.63	0.067

由表3可知：

1)炭(tan)化工(gong)藝(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)不同，所得結果不同，以第7種炭(tan)化工(gong)藝(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)為佳(jia)，所得的活性(xing)炭(tan)性(xing)能好；

2)在以后(hou)的研究中，我(wo)們都采用第7種炭化工藝條件進行炭化。

2.2 活(huo)化工藝的選擇

炭化(hua)(hua)工(gong)藝(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)確定后(hou)，進行活(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)工(gong)藝(yi)條(tiao)件(jian)研(yan)(yan)究是關(guan)系到活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭性(xing)能優劣的(de)關(guan)鍵。根(gen)據對煤質活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭多年研(yan)(yan)究的(de)經驗證明：影響活(huo)(huo)性(xing)炭活(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)性(xing)能的(de)因(yin)(yin)素(su)有：活(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)溫(wen)度、活(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)時間、水蒸氣量、活(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)燒(shao)失率等。在這些因(yin)(yin)素(su)中活(huo)(huo)化(hua)(hua)燒(shao)失率是主要(yao)影響因(yin)(yin)素(su)，所以我們(men)對其它影響因(yin)(yin)素(su)沒有作更多的(de)研(yan)(yan)究，只對不同(tong)燒(shao)失率作了較為詳細(xi)的(de)探(tan)索(suo)，試(shi)驗結(jie)果見表(biao)4。

表4 大同(tong)煤(mei)制活性(xing)炭燒(shao)失(shi)率對活性(xing)炭性(xing)能的影(ying)響

樣品編號	燒失率（%）	碘吸附值（mg/g）	亞甲基藍吸附值（mg/g）	灰分（%）	鐵含量（%）
DH-1AC	50	865.8	150.0	10.90	0.154
DYAC-8	53	1097.9	243.3	21.00	0.562
DYAC-7	58	1120.5	253.3	16.60	0.313
DYAC-9	60	1150.4	289.9	14.32	0.385
DYAC-12	62	1181.4	298.7	15.08	0.310
DYAC-14	66	1131.6	280.4	16.04	0.580
DH-2AC	70	1033.0	230.7	25.50	0.852

由(you)試(shi)驗結果看出：

1)在沒有做后處理的條件下，活化燒失率控制(zhi)在60%~65%之間。活性炭的碘吸附(fu)(fu)值和亞甲基藍吸附(fu)(fu)值均(jun)達(da)到味精(jing)精(jing)制(zhi)用粉狀活性炭指標要求；

 2)以后(hou)的工作重點就是(shi)進行后(hou)處理降低活性炭的灰(hui)分含量和鐵含量。

 在后處理試驗過程中，我(wo)們做(zuo)了如(ru)下幾項(xiang)試驗研究工(gong)作：

1 )不同酸濃(nong)度選擇(ze)試(shi)驗；

2)不同堿濃度選擇(ze)試驗；

3)不同(tong)水洗溫度選(xuan)擇(ze)試驗；

4)不同煮沸(fei)時間選擇(ze)試驗；

5)不同用(yong)水(shui)量(liang)試驗；

6)不(bu)同除鐵劑用量選擇(ze)試驗。

 通過(guo)上(shang)述(shu)試驗(yan)選出較佳(jia)工藝條(tiao)件如下： 

1)酸濃度為3%~5%；

2)堿濃度(du)為10%~20%；

3)水洗溫度為95~120℃；

4)煮沸(fei)時間為2h；

5)用(yong)水量(liang)為炭(tan)量(liang)的50~70倍；

6)除(chu)鐵(tie)劑用量(liang)(liang)為炭量(liang)(liang)的0.2%~0.4%。

綜(zong)合(he)，上述各項較佳條(tiao)件對大同(tong)煤(mei)(mei)質(zhi)粉狀(zhuang)活性炭進行后(hou)處(chu)理，大同(tong)煤(mei)(mei)質(zhi)粉狀(zhuang)活性炭后(hou)處(chu)理后(hou)的性能為：碘(dian)吸附值1057.8mg/g，亞甲(jia)基藍(lan)吸附值235.3mg/g，灰分(fen)1.36%，鐵鹽(yan)含(han)量(liang)0.02%，味精脫(tuo)色(se)率16.8%，透光率63%，焦(jiao)糖脫(tuo)色(se)率97.40%。

鐵鹽含量、味(wei)精脫(tuo)色率、透(tou)光率均在(zai)山東菱花味(wei)精廠質(zhi)量檢驗(yan)(yan)處化驗(yan)(yan)室進行(xing)化驗(yan)(yan)。

3 結論

大同煤通(tong)過炭化活(huo)化、后處理的(de)工藝條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)選擇(ze)，在較佳(jia)條(tiao)件(jian)(jian)下，制得(de)的(de)味精精制用(yong)活(huo)性(xing)炭完全能夠(gou)符合國(guo)標(biao)GB/T 13803-1-1999中所規(gui)定的(de)味精用(yong)活(huo)性(xing)炭的(de)各項指標(biao)。